Urbanization
How Do We Use Land?
-Industrial Uses: -clear cut land to place industrial plants -hazardous waste produced -thermal pollution-water too hot -chemical waste. -Housing and Development: -new subdivisions are cropping up due to the population growth in areas -land is cleared for commericial use What is Urbanization? -large town with a growing suburbs -depends on resources outside the dity -why are big cities growing?: increase in birth rates, Immigration poor are moving to larger cities and away from rural areas -cities have grown form 2% to 45% since 1950 -by 2050 66% of all people in the world will live in urban areas What Are Heat Islands? -enormous amounts of heat generated creates an urban heat island |
What Are The Benefits to Cities?
-benefits: better education system, medical services, social service -problems: infectious diseases inadequate water system, poor sewer systems, exposure to pollution. What Is Carrying Capacity -maximum number of individuals the environment can support What is Smart Growth? -smart growth: -reduces dependence on cars -controls and directs sprawl -cuts wasteful resource use |
Waste
What is Solid Waste
-any material that we discard that is not liquid or gas, is solid waste -Municipal Solid Waste -solid waste from home or office -Industrial Solid Waste -produced from mines, agriculture or industries What is a Hazardous Waste? -a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment -Ignitability - Ignitable wastes create fires under certain conditions or are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than 60 °C (140 °F). -Corrosivity - Corrosive wastes are acids or bases (pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels. -Reactivity - Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal" conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when mixed with water. -Toxicity - Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed (e.g., containing mercury, lead, etc.). When toxic wastes are disposed of on land, contaminated liquid may drain (leach) from the waste and pollute ground water. Toxicity is defined through a laboratory procedure called the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). -Major types: Organics and Heavy Metals, Radioactive wastes What are Methods of Dealing with Municiple Waste -on-site, open dump, sanitary landfill, incineration, ocean dumps |
Open Dump
-unsanitary draws pests and vermin, toxic gases Sanaitary Landfill -layer of compacted trash, gases produced |
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